pls briefly answer the following question

FUNCTION OF PULMONARY SYSTEM

1.Describe each of the following: ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion.Explain how the function together.What is meant by a V/Q ratio?

2.How do surface tension, compliance, and recoil relate to the work of breathing?

DISORDERS OF CHEST WALL/ PLEURA

3.What do pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and hemothorax have in common?What effect do they have on lung function?

PULMONARY DISORDERS

4.Compare asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and cystic fibrosis

using the following table

	Asthma	Chronic bronchitis	Emphysema	Cystic Fibrosis
Site of injury (eg. Alveola)
Cells involved
Structural changes

12.What is pulmonary hypertension?What leads to pulmonary HTN?What are the consequences of Pulm HTN?

13.What is the mechanism of croup?What structural characteristics of the subglottal area contribute to the development of croup?

14.What is bronchiolitis?

Renal / Urologic

1.Name 3 renal mechanisms for BP regulation.

2.How does the kidney respond to changes in pH?

DISORDERS

3.What are the risk factors for stone formations?

4.What are risk factors for bladder tumors? Manifestations?

5.Differentiate the manifestations of cystitis and pyelonephritis.

a.Why might someone develop hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis from chronic pyelonephritis?

6.What is the source of most glomerular injury?(be able to trace the mechanism of injury)

Compare the Nephritic syndrome with nephritic syndrome.

	Nephritic Syndrome	Nephrotic syndrome
Site of injury
Hematuria
Proteinuria
GFR
edema
Lipidemia

8.Acute kidney injuries are classified by location of the initiating mechanism; those are ________________, ________________, and ___________________.

9.Give the mechanism for the following manifestations in chronic renal failure (how do they occur?)

a.Pulmonary edema

b.Anemia

c.Bone fractures/pain

d.Anorexia, n/v

e.Dysrhythmias

f.Left ventricular cardiomyopathy