research /social work questions (multiple choice)

I am needing the answers to the following questions below .(all are multiple choice)

1. A dependent variable is:

what you measure

what you manipulate

both a and b

none of the above

2. The A portion of a single system design refers to:

baseline

intervention

manipulation

control

3. The B portion of a single subject design refers to:

baseline

intervention

the client

none of the above

4. Visual inspection, while relatively subjective, is the most common type of data analysis

used for single subject designs.

True

False

5. A single system design is:

a means of affecting change in a client’s behavior

a method of intervention that uses science to assist you and inform practice

a design that encourages you to carefully identify, assess target problems, and use an

intervention to alleviate the client’s problem

all the above

SW 556 Midterm Quiz | Julie A. Schroeder

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6. In order for causality to be established _______________.

the cause needs to precede the effect

two or more factors need to be empirically related to one another

the relationship between the factors cannot be explained by other factors

all the above

7. Group research designs allow for the comparison of results between those who are

getting treatment versus

A group getting an alternative treatment

A group not getting any treatment

A single subject

A and B

8. What is the impact of restricted salt consumption on water retention?” In this research

question, the dependent variable is:

Salt consumption

water retention

weight

both a and b

9. The independent variable is:

Salt consumption

water retention

weight

blood pressure

10. Which of these is not a threat to internal validity:

History

Maturation

Client Differences

Instrumentation

11. Practical Significance occurs when

there appears to be meaningful change in the client’s behavior

most often used type of significance in single subject research

SW 556 Midterm Quiz | Julie A. Schroeder

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comparing client functioning against some standard

all the above

12. Overt behaviors are those that:

can be seen publicly

thoughts

feelings

all the above

13. The best measure of central tendency used when reporting the amount of weekly

weight loss over the course of the intervention might be:

mode

median

mean

standard deviation

14. Cindy is attempting to stop her dog from incessant barking by using a collar that emits

an unpleasant scent when the dog barks. Since she has recently taken a research course

so she decides to approach the situation from a scientific perspective. She measures the

number of times Scruffy barks from 8 to 9 pm for 3 nights. On the 4 th night she uses the

dog collar and begins collecting data. Over the course of the next 5 nights Scruffy

completely stops his inappropriate barking. Cindy then removes the collar and continues

to monitor Scruffy from 8 to 9 pm for another week.

Cindy has implemented which type of design:

AB

ABA

ABC

BA

15. The dependent variable in Cindy’s study is:

Number of time collar emits the scent

amount of barking

time of day

none of the above

16. The independent variable is:

SW 556 Midterm Quiz | Julie A. Schroeder

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amount of barking

the dog’s collar

time of day

type of dog

17. Cindy finds that after removing the collar Scruffy returns to his noisy ways. She decides

to return to using the collar. Her design is now

AB

ABA

ABC

ABAB

18. Martha is trying to figure out what type of exercise will help her lose the most weight.

She decides to spend the summer figuring it out. She weighs herself and begins walking

on a treadmill for 30 minutes 6 days per week at 2.8-3 miles per hour. She plans to use

this method for 4 weeks. After the end of 4 weeks, she weighs herself and found that

she has lost 6 pounds.

For the next 4 weeks Martha decides she will now try cycling. She will ride her bike for

30 minutes 6 days per week. She plans to ride 3 miles each day. After the 4 weeks

Martha finds that she has lost a total of 11 pounds.

For the last 4 weeks Martha decides to take an aerobics class 3 times per week. The

classes are 1 hour in length. At the end of that 4- week period she finds that she has lost

a total of 20 pounds.

Martha’s research design is:

AB

ABA

ABAB

ABCD

19. What is Martha’s dependent variable?

miles

times per week

weight

number of weeks for the intervention

20. What is Martha’s independent variable?

SW 556 Midterm Quiz | Julie A. Schroeder

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weight

exercise

times per week

none of the above

21. Which intervention appears to have been the least effective?

treadmill

cycling

aerobics

not enough information to determine

22. Which intervention appears to have been the most effective in decreasing her weight?

treadmill

cycling

aerobics

not enough information to know

23. “What is the impact of sex education in middle school on the number of students who

become sexually active during high school?” In this research question, the dependent

variable is:

sex education

sexual activity

school

the students

24. “What is the impact of sex education in middle school on the number of students who

become sexually active during high school?” In this research question, the independent

variable is:

sex education

sexual activity

both a & b

none of the above

25. “How effective is a parenting class in reducing the incidence of child abuse?” In this

research question, the dependent variable is:

the parenting class

the incidence of child abuse

neither a or b

SW 556 Midterm Quiz | Julie A. Schroeder

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a and b

26. The independent variable is:

the parenting class

the incidence of child abuse

the clients

none of the above

27. “What is the impact of daily exercise on blood pressure?” In this research question, the

dependent variable is:

daily exercise

blood pressure

both a and b

none of the above

28. The independent variable is:

daily exercise

blood pressure

both a and b

none of the above

29. “What is the impact of restricted calorie consumption on weight?” In this research

question, the dependent variable is:

weight

calorie consumption

both a and b

none of the above

30. The independent variable is:

weight

calorie consumption

both a and b

none of the above

31. Shonda has decided to track her clients’ negative thoughts so that she can help her

clients to see progress. The best way to do this is to:

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use inferential statistics

visual representation of trends

autocorrelation

t tests

32. What is the dependent variable (s) in Shonda’s study?

anxiety

depression

negative thinking

binge eating

33. The independent variable is:

Treatment related to negative thinking

negative thinking

anxiety

depression

34. Shonda decides to use ___________________ to determine when her clients have

statistically significant results.

Sigma System

Regression

Hypothesis testing

Autocorrelation

35. Shonda realizes that she will need to measure the effectiveness of her intervention in

such a way as to determine statistical significance. What is a primary problem that she

will have to deal with:

Regression

Autocorrelation

Internal validity

Client behavior

36. The sigma system uses________________ to determine when the clients’ results are

most likely to due to Shonda’s treatment.

SW 556 Midterm Quiz | Julie A. Schroeder

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Standard deviation

Variance

Regression

Correlation

37. Two pieces of information are needed to use the sigma system to determine client

progress

the mean and range

median and standard deviation

Mean and standard deviation

Mean and the variance

38. When using the sigma system to determine when a client has made statistically

significant progress their data points must surpass:

1 standard deviation from the mean

2 standard deviations below the mean

2 standard deviations

4 standard deviations

39. External validity refers to the generalizability of our outcome to other clients.

True

False

40. During the baseline phase of the design:

It is best to get as many data points as possible

Your client may react to being measured causing spikes in the data

You are looking for trends in the right direction

None of the above

41. During the maintenance phase of the design:

you are looking for a stable pattern of success

continue regular observations of target behavior

a steady state in the client’s behavior suggests the client may be ready to handle the

behavior on his/her own

all the above

42. Goals are specific and precise.

True

False

SW 556 Midterm Quiz | Julie A. Schroeder

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43. Group designs are conceptualized based on randomization and control.

True

False

44. Inaccuracy in observation of behavior occurs due to:

lack of definition of the target

the target is difficult to observe in a particular environment

reaction effects from being observed

all the above.

45. A measure is nonreactive if the behavior changes as a result of being measured.

True

False

46. Objectives are specific and precise.

True

False

47. Autocorrelation can be dealt with using SPSS.

True

False

48. It is very difficult to suggest a statistically different change in behavior due to the few

number of data points (observations) collected.

True

False

49. Multiple base studies can occur:

across participants

across behaviors

across settings

all of the above

50. When focusing on oppressed populations, cultural competency can result in bias and

insensitivity.

True

False